MALAT1 and glioblastoma: MALAT1 promotes the expression of sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), thus boosting the viability and proliferation of glioblastoma stem cells [56,57], and it also suppresses apoptosis of glioma cells through reduction of Ras-related protein Rap-1b (Rap1B) levels by removal of miR-101 [55].