KRAS and malignant colon neoplasm: It is plausible that combination therapies targeting members of these pathways and PAKs could work by preventing cross-activation; however, PAKs can act independently of the two abovementioned signaling pathways, since in mutant KRAS-driven colon cancer, knockdown of either PAK1 or PAK4 inhibits cancer cell proliferation and increases apoptosis [72].