TNF and Parkinson disease: Although it has been reported that 6-OHDA does not interact with α-synuclein and 6-OHDA does not produce or induce proteinaceous aggregates or Lewy-like inclusions like those seen in PD (Blandini et al. 2008; Walsh et al. 2011), 6-OHDA-induced activation of glial populations such glial cell markers as GFAP (anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein) for astrocytes (Walsh et al. 2011; Mulas et al. 2016), OX-42 for microglia (Marinova-Mutafchieva et al. 2009; Mulas et al. 2016) and neuronal TNF-α (Mulas et al. 2016).