The key novel observations from the two studies described are: (1) acute ingestion of NZBC extract did not improve the postprandial glucose, insulin or triglyceride responses to a high-carbohydrate, high-fat meal in individuals with overweight or obesity; and (2) short-term (8 days) supplementation with NZBC extract improved free-living postprandial glucose responses and increased whole-body insulin sensitivity in individuals with overweight or obesity. Here, INS is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.