Since VEGFA interacts with IGFBP2 during angiogenesis40, overexpression of VEGFA and IGFBP3 genes might play an important role in tumor growth and expansion through promoting the formation of new blood vessels, in line with the increased angiogenesis observed in GBM41 vs other diffuse astrocytomas. Here, IGFBP3 is linked to diffuse astrocytoma.