In the heart failure mice, qPCR showed no significant change in Bmp2, Bmp4, Nkx2.5, Shox2 and Tbx3 in the sinus node, but there was a significant downregulation of Tbx18 and Isl1 and upregulation of AP1, Mef2c and NRSF mRNA (Supplementary Fig. 4). Here, TBX18 is linked to heart failure.