Dysregulation of vATPase's subunits has been implicated in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.[36] Utilizing IF (Fig. 3e), we found that vATPaseV1E1 was present in HAoEC in a punctuated pattern throughout the endothelial cells which did not change when cells were treated with LDL or LDL+IFNγ. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and cancer.