Figure 3e depicts the upregulation of IRF9, IFIT1, IFIT2, IFIT3, IFITM1, MX1, OAS2, OAS3, IFI44 and IFI44L in SARS-CoV-2 infected NBHE cells, which are known to play crucial roles in host cell responses to viral infection through type I interferon. Those data were further validated in RNA-seq dataset from calu-3 (lung adenocarcinoma) cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 (Supplementary Figure S1). Here, IRF9 is linked to viral infectious disease.