DPP4 and atherosclerosis: Indeed, although large clinical trials with DPP-4 inhibitors did not reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events [27,28,29,30], a couple of clinical papers reported that DPP-4 inhibitors showed favorable effects on carotid intima-media thickness in T2D patients, a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis, and sitagliptin use was independently associated with the lower incidence rates of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in subjects with T2D [20,21,22].