Accumulation of cholesterol esters and foam cell formation of macrophages are one of the early characteristic features of atherosclerosis [2,3], which are partly dependent on uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) via scavenger receptor CD36 [13] and esterification of free cholesterol to cholesteryl ester by acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1) [13]. The gene discussed is ACAT1; the disease is atherosclerosis.