This is the case for the sensitivity to HER2-inhibitors for tumors with ERBB2 amplification in breast cancer, the vemurafenib sensitivity of BRAF-mutant cells in melanoma, or the relevance of EGFR mutation for EGFR-inhibitor treatments in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.