TIM-3 interacts with numerous ligands including tumour-secreted galectin-9, high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM-1, expressed on tumour cells), and phosphatidyl serine (PtdSer) [109]. Here, CEACAM1 is linked to neoplasm.