BRAF and melanoma: Melanomas are associated with numerous mutations involving genes controlling cellular processes such us, proliferation (BRAF, NRAS and NF1), growth and metabolism [phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT)], resistance to apoptosis [tumour protein p53 (TP53)], cell cycle control [cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A)] and replicative lifespan [telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT)] [11].