Direct implication of estrogen-dependent effects on innate immunity have been recently evidenced in a syngeneic mouse model of melanoma where in vivo studies showed that the estrogen agonist erteberel, activating the ERβ signaling, was capable of augmenting innate immunity and suppressing lung metastatic colonization by recruitment of antitumor neutrophils to the metastatic niche [55]. This evidence concerns the gene ESR2 and melanoma.