Two main different groups of melanoma-associated antigens have been characterized: (i) antigens expressed by normal and malignant melanocytes (as Gp100, tyrosinase, Melan-A and the isoform of tyrosinase-related protein, TRP-2 (INT2), and (ii) cancer testis antigens mainly expressed by transformed cells, such as melanoma antigen-1 (MAGE-A1), the highly immunogenic tumor antigen NY-ESO-1, and the preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma (PRAME) [118,119,120,121,122]. This evidence concerns the gene MLANA and melanoma.