The current study provides evidence that, besides NLRP3, the most prominent member of the inflammasome family, the less described AIM2 and NLRC4 inflammasomes, are also upregulated after ischemic stroke and are affected in their expression by the protective gonadal steroids E2 and P. We were able to demonstrate that the administration of E2 and P decreased both infarct sizes and neurological impairments after cerebral ischemia in rats. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is brain ischemia.