The crucial role of IRF3 and the posttranslational changes it undergoes upon viral infection were first reported more than 20 years ago: Upon stimulation, IRF3 gets phosphorylated and accumulates in the nucleus where it interacts with the coactivators CREB-binding protein (CBP)/p300 to specifically bind to virus-inducible enhancer elements and exerts transcriptional activation of the IFNB1 gene [21,36,37,38] (Figure 2). Here, IFNB1 is linked to viral infectious disease.