Another study reported frequent inactivating mutations in TSC1/2 genes, activating mutations in NOTCH1 and VEGFR2 and mutations perturbing JAK–STAT, TNF, and NFKB pathways.46 In another study of two MPNST cohorts, somatic BRAF mutations were reported in 6.5%–11.9%, with 47% of tumors having alteration in at least one RAS/RAF pathway gene (not including NF1 or BRAF); 46% had alterations in the PI3K pathway, with 70% having alterations in at least one of these two pathways and 70% had an alteration in DNA repair genes.47 This evidence concerns the gene BRAF and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor.