To identify molecular alterations in primary ductal tumour cells, we first examined the activation status of NF-κB and Ral signalling via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) staining for phospho-NF-κB/p65 or phospho-TBK1 (TANK-binding kinase-1) as readouts for the respective pathways. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and neoplasm.