PDCD1 and colorectal neoplasm: Using the colorectal tumor model MC38 and melanoma B16.F10, we showed that Aire−/− mice treated with anti-PD1 or anti-CTLA4 controlled tumor growth significantly better than the wild-type mice (Figs. 1b,  3a, b) and was accompanied by an increased infiltration of activated CD8+ T cells into the tumors.