While the expression of ADAP2 and GILT did not inhibit HCoV-OC43pp infection (Fig. 4B), expression of LY6E in Flp-In TREx 293 cells efficiently suppressed the infection of lentiviral particles pseudotyped with the envelope glycoproteins of all the human CoVs, except for SARSpp (Fig. 4C and D). This evidence concerns the gene ERVW-1 and infection.