INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: During January 2009 and December 2010, 42 patients aged 18–40 years with a history of T1DM for ≥ 2 years and ≤ 16 years were randomized into either the stem cell transplantation (umbilical cord MSCs in combination with autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells) or standard insulin care treatment groups [121].