PTGS2 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In this study, we investigated whether the anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory properties of TPs are associated with the inhibition of COX-2 and iNOS expression through the modulation of signaling pathways that regulate COX-2 gene expression with pro-inflammatory cytokines response as well as symptoms of metabolic syndrome and inflammation in the liver of dogs after fed an HFD or an HFD combined with TPs.