Patients with moderately or severely active IBD who have had an inadequate disease response, lost response, or were intolerant to a conventional treatment such as a corticosteroid, aminosalicylate, and/or immunomodulatory drug may be treated with a biologic agent, such as a tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFα) antagonist (adalimumab, infliximab, or golimumab [approved in Europe for UC only]), ustekinumab, vedolizumab, or with the oral small molecule janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor tofacitinib (approved for UC only). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.