Polyphenols are known not only to ease the oxidative stress status, but also to act on cellular signaling pathways, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated angiogenesis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, nitric oxide (NO∙) signaling, and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 antioxidant pathways, thus preventing vascular complications in diabetes. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and diabetes mellitus.