AKR1B1 and Nephropathy: Aldose reductase (EC 1.1.1.21; AKR1B1), the first enzyme in the polyol pathway, is likely implicated in a variety of pathological states such as nephropathies, retinopathies, neuropathies, cardiopathies, cataract, and cancer, mainly related to its action on glucose in hyperglycaemic conditions [28,29,30,31,32,33,34].