Increased brain plasticity in dystonia has also been demonstrated using TMS protocols other than PAS including low-frequency 1 Hz (Siebner et al. 2003; Baumer et al. 2007) and theta burst rTMS, where patients with cervical and segmental dystonia showed greater and longer lasting motor cortex inhibition than healthy subjects or non-manifesting TOR1A/DYT1 carriers (Edwards et al. 2006). This evidence concerns the gene TOR1A and segmental dystonia.