VEGFA and peripheral vascular disease: Revascularization therapy for peripheral vascular diseases includes gene therapy (such as vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]), autologous stem cell therapy (such as autologous bone marrow hepatocyte transplantation), and cytokine therapy (such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor).5, 6, 7, 8, 9 However, none of these therapies has been established to be safe and efficient for treatment.10, 11, 12