Anticholinergic agents such as the long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) tiotropium bromide are used in the treatment of COPD and (poorly-controlled) asthma, and have been shown to inhibit mucin production in animal models and in human epithelial culture models using IL-13 and neutrophil elastase as triggers for mucin production (Kistemaker et al., 2015; Komiya et al., 2017). Here, MUC5AC is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.