Since the levels of cytokine and chemokine in airway epithelial cells (e.g., MCP-1, IL-6, etc) have been correlated with lethal lung injury and pneumonia (27, 28), we evaluated IL-6 and MCP-1 levels in BAL fluids collected on day 6 using the Quansys multiplex ELISA. Here, CCL2 is linked to pneumonia.