Another negative regulator of T cell response, V-set domain-containing T-cell activation inhibitor 1 (VTCN1 or B7-H4) which is a ligand for B and T cell lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) was found to be significantly upregulated in HCC patients, although normal cells do not express this molecule (Kang et al., 2017[33]). The gene discussed is VTCN1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.