TNF and infection: We also considered that TMZ treatment altered cytokine-driven antimicrobial responses, but we did not observe differences in the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, CXC chemokine ligand 2 ( CXCL2), IFN-β, CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and CXCL10 in response to infection and TMZ treatment (Fig. S4A to F).