For Nox1 and Nox4, reports can be found, which show a protective role of Nox1 or Nox4 function, since loss of the enzymes increased tissue damage; atherosclerosis in the absence of Nox1 or Nox4 [37,38] and tubulo-interstitial renal injury (in the unilateral ureter obstruction model, UUO) if Nox4 was missing [33]. Here, NOX1 is linked to atherosclerosis.