Treatment of neurons with NEVs and AEVs from 4 AD, compared to 4 control participants, resulted in a significantly increased EthD-1 fluorescence fold-change over vehicle (for NEVs, AD vs. Normal, p = 0.044; for AEVs, AD vs. Normal, p = 0.024), suggesting that both AD NEVs and AEVs mediate neuronal membrane disruption; there were no differences in EthD-1 fluorescence over vehicle in the neurons treated with CD81+ EVs (p = 0.332) from AD patients, compared to the control participants. The gene discussed is CD81; the disease is Alzheimer disease.