IRS1 and Insulin resistance: This ability of EGCG to limit insulin resistance correlates with the increased expression of antioxidant enzymes, including SOD and GPx, but also with phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), activation of PKC and AMPK-dependent pathways, other kinases such as ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK, all essential for maximal stimulation of glucose uptake in response to insulin [116,117].