NLRP3 and Alzheimer disease: Microglial phagocytosis of Aβ in senile plaques has been known to induce microglial activation and secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β through activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome both in a double transgenic (APP695/PSEN1) mouse model of AD and in cultured microglia as well [61,62].