TNF and diverticular disease: Consistent with the asymptomatic nature of diverticulosis, there was no change observed in the composition of CD4+, CD8+, CD27+, and mass cell tryptase expressing immune cells or in the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) from diverticulosis colonic mucosa biopsies [12].