ARRDC3 and prostate cancer: It has been previously reported that ARRDC3 is associated with many diseases by acting on GPCRs — for instance, ARRDC3 can prevent energy expenditure and promote obesity through inhibiting β2-adrenergic receptor in male mice (22), and ARRDC3 also can suppress breast cancer and prostate cancer progression by regulating GPCR sorting or integrin β4 degradation (17, 23, 24).