Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is associated with increased HIF levels in immune cells, with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs) from human TB patients producing high levels of HIF‐1α, alongside pro‐inflammatory IL‐17 and IL‐1β when stimulated with Mtb strain HN878 compared with healthy donors [45]. This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and tuberculosis.