CD40 and COVID-19: We found that galectin-1, galectin-3, galectin-9, C-C motif chemokine ligand-2 (CCL2, also known as MCP-1), CCL3 (also known as MIP-1a), CCL4 (also known as MIP-1b), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-6 (CXCL6), CD27, CD40, CD40L, TNF, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13 major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related protein A (MICA), glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR, also known as receptor superfamily member 18), and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients, as compared with controls.