AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: The results showed that the test was able to detect HCC with a sensitivity of 90.6% (95% CI 81.9–99.2) and the specificity of 87.2% (95% CI 80.8–93.7) which is significantly higher than the accuracy of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), widely used serum diagnostic marker for liver cancer (difference between area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROCs) at the level of 0.115 (95% CI 0.042–0.187), standard error (SE) = 0.04, p = 0.002) [43].