PDPN and cancer: In addition, we found that the level of IGF2BP3 expression is associated with the regulation of various cancer genes including CCND1, CCND2, CD44, CD164, IGF2, MMP9, PDPN, and ABCG2 (Fig. 4d and Additional file 1: Fig. S7), consistent with its role in tumor proliferation, invasiveness, and chemoresistance [40].