Additionally, NDAT downregulates expression of the apoptosis inhibitors, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) and myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (MCL1) and upregulates apoptosis-promoting CASP2 and BCL2L14. Tetrac and NDAT increase THBS-1 and CBY1, a nuclear inhibitor of β-catenin activity in various types of cancer cells [17,18]. Here, CASP2 is linked to cancer.