VEGFA and neoplasm: In addition, CSCs may exert a strong immune suppressive effect by suppressing the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) by macrophages in the TME, releasing the exosomal miRNAs miR-9 and miR-21, or by secreting VEGF that plays a pivotal role in tumor angiogenesis and suppression of T-cell maturation [35].