CTLA4 and cancer: Since then, the use of inhibitors targeting the specific mechanisms that cancer cells employ to evade immune system detection, particularly the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) immune checkpoint axes, has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape of tumors previously considered to be highly lethal [2,3,4,5].