MTOR and prostate carcinoma: Although not currently specific to patients with prostate cancer, clinical trials exploring co-inhibition of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR and MAPK cascades to treat various advanced solid cancers have also been developed (e.g., ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT01390818, NCT01347866, and NCT02583542), although response rates appear to be low and are linked to RAS and RAF mutations [277].