MTOR and prostate carcinoma: Several prostate cancer clinical trials have been designed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of targeting MEK (e.g.,MEK1/2 inhibitor trametinib, ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT02881242 and NCT01990196) or the PI3K-AKT-mTOR cascade (e.g., pan-AKT inhibitors including ipatasertib and capivasertib, ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT01485861/NCT03673787 and NCT02525068/ NCT02121639 respectively) [134,273].