Accordingly, to discover newtherapeutic approaches that increase patient response rates and overall survival, further delineation of the complex signaling network that exists within the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway and the interacting MAPK, AR, and WNT pathways is needed, together with the development of a wider range of preclinical models that better recapitulate the clinic and a deeper understanding of the molecular biology underpinning prostate cancer disease subtypes and tissue heterogeneity. The gene discussed is PIK3CA; the disease is prostate carcinoma.