The INVEST-GENES study, which comprised an ethnically diverse, elderly population of patients with hypertension and documented coronary artery disease (CAD), demonstrated that the ADRB1 Ser49-Arg389 haplotype, which affects agonist-mediated downregulation and signaling activity, is associated with a considerable risk of all-cause death (odds ratio 3.66, 95% CI 1.68–7.99), irrespective of the number of alleles present (1 or 2) [59]. Here, ADRB1 is linked to coronary artery disorder.