CCL2 and systemic lupus erythematosus: Other authors also reported higher urinary levels of MCP-1 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that correlated with the extension of the tubulointerstitial infiltrate, thus confirming the utility of MCP-1 in urine as a biomarker of acute infiltration of kidneys with dense affectation of this compartment [22].