The direct mechanism is by acting on osteoblasts or osteoclasts, and thus inhibiting bone formation and stimulating bone resorption.[25] Cd-induced increase in the activity of caspase-3, a key protease in apoptosis may cause osteoblasts death.[24] and the indirect mechanism is by interfering with calcium, vitamin D, and renal dysfunction.[25] In the present study, we found that Cd was interfering with calcium metabolism and thus may be indirectly enhancing bone mineral loss. This evidence concerns the gene CASP3 and Abnormal renal physiology.