G6PD and lung cancer: This increase was validated in vitro, where the expression levels of HMOX1, GCLC, GCLM, TXN, TXNRD, NQO1, G6PD, and GSR were higher in lung cancer cell lines with KEAP1/NFE2L2 mutations (i.e., cell lines A549, NCI-H460, and NCI-H838) than in those without mutations (i.e., cell lines NCI-H292, 95D, SPC-A1, and NCI-H1299) (Figure 4B).