Recent experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated the importance of inflammation in the pathogenesis of AF.10,11 The biopsy samples that were obtained from AF patients undergoing cardiac surgery revealed the presence of inflammatory infiltrates and fibrosis in the atrium.10 Additionally, studies have found that both hs-CRP and interleukin-6 levels were significantly elevated in patients with PAF.4,5 Similar to this published clinical studies, PAF patients had higher hs-CRP levels than healthy subjects in our study. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is atrial fibrillation.