IL6 and atrial fibrillation: Recent studies have found that the inflammation might have a key role in the initiation and perpetuation of PAF.2,3 The elevation of some inflammatory markers, such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin-6, have been found in patients with PAF compared to healthy participants.4,5 Furthermore, higher hs-CRP levels have been found to be associated with longer AF duration in a previous study.6 In addition to the inflammation, oxidative stress is shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of PAF.7