For example, S100A9 was found to induce cell differentiation and growth arrest and prolong survival in a mouse model of AML, and mechanistic studies showed that S100A9 induced this differentiation in AML cells via S100A9 binding to TLR4 and activation of ERK1/2 and JNK signaling pathways (125). Here, S100A9 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.